For instance, this may mean giving priority to audio and video over email and file transfers. CIDR blocks are commonly used by ISPs to allocate IP addresses to customers and by organizations to define their network boundaries and to efficiently manage their IP address space. A hierarchical topology in which devices are grouped in a tree-like arrangement, with a central root device and child device branches. Provides end-to-end transmission services and ensures reliable data delivery. An encoder converts information to a new format, while a decoder reverses the process to retrieve the original data.

It is a host that has multiple network interfaces that multiple IP addresses is called a Multi-homed Host. This is a mode of data exchange wherein two communicating computers do not use IPsec themselves. Instead, the gateway that is connecting their LANs to the transit network creates a virtual tunnel. So, it uses the IPsec protocol to secure all communication that passes through it. Clustering support refers to the ability of a network operating system to connect multiple servers in a fault-tolerant group.

what is the maximum segment length of a 100Base-FX network?

Mindmajix offers Advanced Windows Networking Interview Questions 2023 that helps you in cracking your interview & acquire your dream career as Windows System Admin Specialist. When two people are conversing back and forth, the HTTPs protocol encrypts the discussion so that the data can’t be modified. With the help of an SSL certificate, it checks to see if the connection to the server that was asked for is reasonable. The hostd.log log files explain the agent that maintains and configures the ESXi host and virtual machines. These IPs are reserved for private intranets and are not reachable from the wider Internet.

• Switching is a process of exchanging information or data between different computer networks or a network segment using multiple layers of the OSI model.
• The acronym DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
• NIC is the bridge between computer and network.Without NIC Card, the computer cannot connect to any network.
• And a header with details about the chosen data type is added by the Presentation layer.

It is also known as a network interface controller, network adapter, LAN adapter, or physical network interface. A NIC, or network interface card, is a peripheral card that gives a machine an ongoing, dedicated connection to a network. Any device or point that can send, receive, or forward data is referred to as a node. Computers, servers, routers, switches, and other network equipment are examples of nodes.

When a computer with a NIC sends a request to an online server, the NAT protocol is used to translate the IP address, enabling the communication to take place. These are often used together to troubleshoot network connectivity issues. The delivery of data from a single source to all possible destinations on a network. The delivery of data from a single source to several destinations on a network. The delivery of data from a single source to a single network device. Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a method of allocating IP addresses and defining network boundaries.

Introduction to Computer Network Interview Questions and Answers

Nevertheless, the receiver does not address the acknowledgment shortly, but, remains until its network layer moves in the subsequent data packet. This method of keeping the ACK and connecting it to the next outgoing data structure is called piggybacking. VPN split-tunneling is a feature that allows the user to decide which traffic should be routed through the VPN tunnel and which should bypass it. In this regard, networking basic interview questions it can be helpful for applications that require a direct connection to the Internet or for those with limited bandwidth. Moreover, it also permits users to access local resources such as printers or file shares while connected to the VPN. As a general rule, VLAN tagging is a methodology used to track down packets traveling on a network and assign them to a specific virtual local area network (VLAN).

Ping is a utility program that allows you to check connectivity between network devices on the network. You can ping a device by using its IP address or device name, such as a computer name. Tracert is a Windows utility program that can use to trace the route taken by data from the router to the destination network. It also shows the number of hops taken during the entire transmission route. It shows how devices and cables are physically laid out, as well as how they connect.

What are VPNs?

The main purpose of this is the if one server fails, all processing will continue with the next server in the cluster. Routers have a built-in console that lets you configure different settings, like security and data logging. You can assign restrictions to computers, such as what resources it is allowed access or what particular time of the day, they can browse the Internet. You can even put restrictions on what websites are not viewable across the entire network.

At the receiver’s end, a new checksum is calculated and matched against the existing checksum to retrieve the numerical value. If the received checksum values match the sent one, the transmission is considered to be successful. ISP refers to a company that provides internet access and services, including internet transit, web hosting, domain name registration and email services, to name a few.

A VLAN trunk is a point-to-point link between two network devices that carries traffic for multiple VLANs. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a routing protocol that allows routers to communicate and find the best way to route traffic. It creates routing tables to optimize traffic flow and ensures efficient data packet delivery. BGP is crucial for large networks to prevent congestion and rerouting traffic if necessary. Used within a private network and are not intended to be accessible over the Internet.

A network can be divided into subcategories based on its size, number of nodes, types of connections, functional links, topology, and purpose. A backbone is a part of the infrastructure of a computer network that connects other networks and acts as a pathway for data to move between them. A backbone may link many local area networks in offices, universities, or construction sites. A backbone is a set of paths to which important networks can link in order to conduct extensive long-distance communication. Different networking technologies function together as nodes or connecting points. The hardware device that links a computer to a computer network is referred to as a network interface card (NIC).

HTTP is the HyperText Transfer Protocol which defines the set of rules and standards on how the information can be transmitted on the World Wide Web (WWW). It is a ‘stateless protocol’ where each command is independent with respect to the previous command. Open System Interconnections (OSI) is a network architecture model based on the ISO standards.

What are the advantages of address sharing?

It incorporates the physical layer circuitry required for interaction with a data connection layer standard, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. A subnetwork or subnet refers to the logical division of an IP network into numerous, smaller network pieces. In other words, a split portion of a larger network called a subnet is made in order to increase security and performance. The multiplexing method Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is frequently used in fibre optic communications. In WDM, numerous signals are combined into a single optical cables using various light wavelengths. Checksum is a straightforward technique for spotting potential transmission mistakes.

We hope that this blog has given you some insights into the computer networks basic interview questions that you can expect in your interviews. LAN is a type of computer network that connects devices within a limited geographic area, such as a home, office, or school. LANs allow users to share resources, such as files, printers, and internet access, among the connected devices. One of the basic examples of LAN is a printer connected to a computer. The primary purpose of proxy servers is to prevent users from the outside world from identifying the IP addresses of a private network. Even the physical location of the network can only be determined if the correct IP address can be provided.

These external threats can be hackers who want to steal data or computer viruses that can wipe out data in an instant. It also prevents other users from external networks from gaining access to the private network. The main task of this software is to provide network connectivity to a computer in order to communicate with other computers and connected devices. These addresses are used for internal networks and are not routable on external public networks.

The best network interview question responses help jobseekers make strong impressions and land lucrative jobs. After all, with network engineers earning average median salaries upwards of $120k, there’s never been a better time to enter the field. The network layer is responsible for packet switching, control of network congestion, and data routing.

• Proxy servers primarily prevent external users who are identifying the IP addresses of an internal network.
• The “ping” is a utility program that allows you to check the connectivity between the network devices.
• In addition, it is also known as a hardware or physical address.
• The command issues ICMP echo requests to the host or the destination.

It functions at the Data Link layer of the OSI model and is responsible for facilitating communication between devices on local area networks (LANs) through Ethernet or Wi-Fi technologies. It simplifies the process of port forwarding and provides better security and functionality compared to manual configuration. Sockets provide an endpoint for inter-process communication between applications running on different devices across networks. They act as an interface between the Transport Layer protocols such as TCP or UDP and the application layer protocols, allowing programs to send and receive frames. BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol and is classified as the routing protocol of the global internet network. Think of it as the postal service of the internet that finds the most efficient route to deliver the letter to its recipient.

For example, by sending a ping packet to this address we can confirm whether the IP protocol is functional or not. Packets sent to this address are returned to the sender by the IP protocol. Therefore, if we get the reply of ping packets then the IP protocol is working fine otherwise there is an issue in the configuration. An SLB (Server load balancer) switch distributes traffic between multiple servers.

In addition, its prime operation is to forward the data between two endpoints, allowing for secure data transmission between two networks. Technically, this particular feature supports both PPTP and L2TP protocols. A VPN gateway is a type of networking device that provides secure access to an organization’s internal networks and resources from an external network, such as the Internet.

The major sharing of resources over the connection is the Internet. Another example of a Computer network-sharing resource is sharing one printer between different computers by connecting it. A VLAN ID (virtual local area network identifier) is a number assigned to a VLAN in order to identify it on a network. In addition, it is used to segment a network into multiple logical networks and is typically used to separate different departments or functions in an organization. All in all, topologies provide a way to analyze and visualize the connections between objects and can be used to identify potential problems and optimize network performance.